Trans World Airlines Flight Attendance Case Study

Trans World Airlines Flight Attendance - Case Study Example The strike happened at a time when the airline business was highly competitive (Wallace, n.d.). All airlines were aiming at making huge profit margins. The industry had become deregulated. This case study is a summary of the issues that characterized the strike. It also gives an opinion on the subject supporting it with similar occurrences and common practice. It also makes recommendations on the best way to solve predicaments similar to the one faced by the IFFA and TWA. The recommendations analyze the most favorable solutions to parties embroiled in similar trade disputes. Icahn was faced with the need to cut on costs to bolster TWA’s profits. One way of doing this was by reducing labor costs. It was the easiest way out owing to the fact that other management teams apply it when faced with situations that demand to lower operational costs. Icahn required wage concessions and benefit costs amounting to about 300 million U.S. dollars. This would reduce labor costs and expenses before tax by 20% and 8% respectively. The Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) and the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) were agreeable. The two groups granted Icahn concessions worth $100 million and $50 million respectively, the consideration being profit sharing and worker stock-ownership plans. Icahn was expected to get the remainder from IFFA (Wallace). ALPA and IAM expected the same. If not, he would have to sell the airline because there were some interested parties. IFFA’s leader, Victoria Frankovich, had her reservations about the wage concessions. This was coupled with Icahn’s demands that the flight attendants would be required to put more hours to increase the airline’s productivity and competitiveness. It was intimated that the airline paid a lot more in wages as compared to other airlines with whom it competed; thus justifying these demands.

MIS 2200 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MIS 2200 - Essay Example What should be a quick trip to the Campus Center may take over an hour because of this situation. All of the parking in the lot closest to the Campus Center is handicapped accessible. The students surveyed observed that there always seem to be at least five of these parking spaces empty, regardless of the time of day visited. If students could park in this lot, their trips to the Campus Center would remain short and convenient. Converting four of the spaces in the lot closest to the Campus Center from handicapped accessible to metered spots could alleviate the frustration students experience when trying to make a quick trip to the Campus Center. The fee required for parking in the metered spot is small when compared to the amount of time the student will save. These fees will generate additional revenue for the college. In addition, students will be happy to have this parking option available. Implementation of this solution by December, when the weather adds even more frustration, would be

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay -- William Faulkner Rose Emi

William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" As any reader can see, " A Rose for Emily" is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkner's work is idealistic to all readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The works of William Faulkner have had positive effects on readers throughout his career. Local legends and gossip trigger the main focus of his stories. Considering that Faulkner grew up in Mississippi, he was very familiar with the ways of the South. This award winning author has been praised by many critics for his ability and unique style of writing. One of Faulkner's most popular works, which also was his first short story nationally published in 1930, "A Rose for Emily" is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner. By writing about the political and social ways of the South, Faulkner was able to create an illusion of the New South as being what we know today as mainstream America. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkner's work is idealistic to all readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Faulkner's use of characterization in "A Rose for Emily" is clearly important to the story. It is obvious to all readers that Miss Emily Grierson is the protagonist, or the principle character. According to a prominent critic, Elizabeth Sabiston, "Emily is a gothic character" (142). Sabiston is referring to Emily that way because of the fact that she slept with skeleton of her lover Homer Barron for forty years. She was awfully stubborn in the opinion of the townspeople. This stubbornness also ties in with Emily's ability to live in reality. After she refused to pay her taxes, directly to the mayor, she tells them to go see Colonel Satoris, who has been dead for ten years. This portrays that Emily's illusion of reality was greatly distorted. Miss Emily was motivated by her lover, Homer, she isolated herself in an old decaying house and she refused to recognize that time had passed. Emily was proud, disdainful and seemingly independent. This shows the importance of characterization. Without these characters, the story would be radically changed. When the reader understands Emily, they can achieve a clearer view of the actions that go on during the story (West 149). Several other characters in "A Rose for Emily" are set in oppositi... .... 158-159. Howe, Irving. William Faulkner A Critical Study. New York: Random House, 1951-52.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265. Madden, David. "A Rose for Emily." vol. 5 of Masterplots II Short Story Series. Pasadena:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salem Press, 1986. 1986-1989. McMichael,George. ed. "A Rose for Emily." Concise Anthology of American Literature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fourth edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998. 1922-1929. Pierce, Constance. "William Faulkner." vol. 3 of Critical Survey of Short Fiction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pasadena: Salem Press, 1990. 848-857. Sabiston, Elizabeth. "Faulkner". Vol. 52 of Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  G. Marowski and Roger Matuz. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1989. 142. West, Ray B. Jr. "A Rose for Emily." Short Story Criticism. Eds. Laurie Lanzen Harris   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and Shelia Fitzgerald. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1988. page numbers. Rodriguez, Celia. " An analysis of A Rose for Emily." U of Texas. 3 Sept. 1996.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  <http://www.cerl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/reader/south/rodriquezerose.html> The Mississippi writers page. U of Mississippi. 15 June 2000. <   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/english/ms-writers/dir/faulkner_william/>

Emancipation of the slaves Essay

uestion: Examine the methods employed by planters to induce â€Å"labourers† to work on sugar estates after emancipation. Full emancipation of the slaves was achieved in 1838 in the British West Indies and 1848 in the French colonies. The post-emancipation period was viewed with fear by planters who believed that mass of ex-slaves would exodus the plantations, robbing them of their labour supply. In many cases this was so. However, one can argue that the British West Indies experienced a greater labour problem than the French colonies of Martinique and Guadeloupe. Therefore, the coercive measures put in place in the French colonies were unjust, an example of over-exaggerated panic on the part of the planters, and a form of maintaining control over their declining power over labour. The term â€Å"freed people† refers to persons who were not enslaved to anyone, who had open to them various opportunities previously closed, who maintained complete control over their movements and in general their lives. According to the historian Rawle Farley, many ex-slaves saw the estates as an oppression of this particular meaning of freedom and hence left as a form of resisting it. To desert the plantations the ex-slave had to take into consideration land availability, population density and the flexibility to move from one profession to another or even to one with similar characteristics, such as small scale farming. Within low density colonies like British Guiana where land was plentiful, ex-slaves left to settle on small plots. Many ex-slaves also left to their original plantations to work on others where pay was high, some even ventured into other professions such as hucksters, butchers, skilled workers and managers. In some low density colonies like St. Lucia, conciliatory measures like the metayage system was employed so as to make plantation work more appealing. In these cases planters provided the tools, and the ex-slaves, the labour. Both parties shared in the produce at crop time making the ex-slave more eager to not only be present at crop time, but to do the premiere labour efficiently. However, in many other islands planters created a problematic situation for ex-slaves. In high density colonies like Antigua, coercive measures were put in place as a demonstration of power by planters. Even in the low density colony of Jamaica coercive measures dominated and undermined the entire concept of freedom. According to the historian, William A. Green, Jamaica suffered from not a labour shortage but a labour problem, that is, there was a labour force but they did not want to work on the plantations. Douglas Hall furthers this argument with the statement that, â€Å"[Planters] were likely to exaggerate the withdrawal of ex-slaves from the estates†. This leads one to blame the planters for being the creators of their own problems. In a panic, they attempted to force the ex-slaves to remain on the estates by applying the coercive measure of lowering wage rates while raising rents. This was intended to diminish net earnings from sales of provisions in local markets and so make the ex-slave dependent wages for his livelihood. It was this â€Å"rent question† that really was burning issue between employer and employee. In some cases rent was levied on each occupant of a cottage, while in other cases no rent was collected at all so that the labourers could be ejected at a moment’s notice. All requests by ex-slaves for annual tenacy was denied. Many labourers were faced with the situation whereby rents were paid form their wages. In addition this the tenant and his family household must still work for the landlord. According to Swithin Wilmot, â€Å"rent was manipulated in such a fashion that it was a penalty rather than a charge for the use of estate property†¦ [and]†¦refus[al] to pay [resulted in] increased rental†. This coercive measure applied to keep freed persons on the estates had the opposite effect. Ex-slaves abandoned plantations to squat on crown land or purchased land and engaged in various agricultural endeavours for subsistence and market. If these â€Å"escapees† required additional income, they engaged in providing casual labour for the nearby plantations. Many ex-slaves bought land and formed â€Å"freed villages†. These â€Å"freed villages† were a danger to the sugar economy since peasant farmers provided competition with their crops. Within the French colonies labour laws were passed with the intention of controlling the peasantry. In Martinique in particular, where land availability was scarce, ex-slaves were forced to comply with many of the insufferable regulations, for example paying the personal tax, tolerating the pass system and maintaining a domestic passport. The personal tax was created before 1848 with the aim of restricting the movement of Blacks to the towns and served to restrict movement from the countryside. The law imposed a sum payable annually by inhabitants, the boroughs receiving higher taxes than those living in the countryside. In 1848 the personal tax jumped from 10 francs 50 centimes per year in Pointe-a-Pitre, to 15 francs. Even in the country areas, the personal tax rose from 4 francs 50 centimes to 5 francs. The creation of this tax was intended to both restrict the Blacks movement to that of the plantations while forcing them to work to pay for it. The need for the Blacks to pay taxes is extremely interesting, especially since, according to historian Dale Tomich, most planters could not afford to pay freed men wages. On February 15, 1852 the pass system was introduced to attempt to force the ex-slaves to adopt contractual labour. Rosamunde Renard notes that under this system, â€Å"every individual working for a salary or a daily wage, or every holder of a work contract of less than one year should possess a pass†. If they did not own a pass then they were sentenced to working in the workhouses. The authorities tended to play a greater role in supporting planters in the French colonies than in the British West Indies. Ex-slaves however responded at first with violence, attacking anyone trying to remove them from their homes or take away their freedom, and later engaging in passive resistance. When they had to register, they gave a different name for everything, the governor de Gueydon declared they â€Å"†¦baptized under one name, married under another, taxed under a third and unknown under all these names†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The Blacks also loitered and refused to accept contractual work when ever they could. Though the planters mainly used coercive measures, they also attempted to apply conciliatory measures. In Martinique a system of medals for model workers was devised so as to encourage work on the plantations. Gold and bronze medals were distributed among the pupils of religious institutions who had done fairly well in agriculture. Schools were created with the purpose of training plantation workshop leaders and good workers. The freedmen were not fooled. They responded with increasing hostility towards these new attempts to make them stay on the plantations. In conclusion, the term â€Å"induce† tends to mean, according the dictionary to persuade. However, planters were seen applying more often force, that is, coercive measures rather than conciliatory measures to attempt to keep ex-slaves on the plantations. Within the high density colonies the coercive measures were not really necessary but rather a demonstration of planter control and power. Within the French colonies, if one is believe Perrison, there was absolutely no reason to apply the coercive measures the historian Rosamunde Renard described. For Martinique, one can question the sensibility of a slave revolt resulting in emancipation just before it was officially declared. Not surprisingly, an increasing distrust of the slaves exploded directly after emancipation was declared together with fear of economic ruin for the society. Planters and the Authorities joined forces against the â€Å"savage, uncivilized† Blacks whose nature inclined them away from the â€Å"delights of working in the blistering sun on the plantations† and more towards their â€Å"crude and uninformed version of what freedom was about, like liberty of movement†. These hostile attitudes of planters and authorities alike are responsible for the exodus of ex-slaves in both the British West Indies and the French colonies.

The Abuse of Government Assistence Is a Huge Problem

The Abuse of Government Assistance is a Huge Problem The amount of people out there that abuse Government Assistance and welfare system is rapidly increasing. The goal of government assistance should be to help people attain a position in life where they no longer need assistance. There will always be select people that need assistance their entire lives. Mentally and physically challenged people fall into that category. Shouldnt the majority of our government assistance go to people in that category? Yes, I believe it should, but that is not the case in our country today. When these programs are used correctly, the tax paying citizen doesnt seem to have a problem with the programs. But when these programs, such as WIC, food stamps,†¦show more content†¦If you are receiving education assistance you must prove that you enrolled and must obtain an A average in order to retain your education assistance. No more is just collecting the government education check and spending it on clothes, while he or she fails out of all the clas ses they enrolled for. I believe these people should be held accountable for the fraud they are committing on the hard workers of this country. I do think the Food stamp program took a giant leap forward when it

A Modest Proposal Is A Satirical Story - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 589 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? A Modest Proposal is a satirical story that exemplifies the attitude between the rich and the poor in the same society. Jonathan Swift uses a great amount of rhetorical devices that effectively highlight the proposal. He uses repetition, metaphors, irony, false belief, and also includes sarcasm, satire and humor to make the negative tone stand out. Swift uses one of his ways to achieve his purpose by blaming and mocking the mothers by telling them that they should go out and work instead of being lazy and begging on the streets. He also explains that the children with grow up having a tough future, having to become thieves. Swift uses false belief to make the purpose of this story get across. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Modest Proposal Is A Satirical Story" essay for you Create order The way he executes this purpose is not ethical or moral whatsoever. Swift declares that a a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout. (62-64). He has claimed that around twenty thousand children were to be reserved for breeding, showing that humans are treated like livestock. Also adding, that women were called breeders. This will inform the audience of the extreme living conditions the people in the Irish community suffer with, and that help is needed. Swift also incorporates emotional appeal in his argument by proposing slaughter houses in suitable places and hiring butchers who will do the job of slaughtering children. He then overemphasizes that children will be roasted like pigs. Another rhetorical device that catches the reader is the emotional appeal towards abortion. Swift claims There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that will prevent those voluntary abortions sacrificing the poor innocent babes, I doubt, more to avoid the expense than the shame (30-33) This is horrifying to not only the children who are being involved but to the whole audience. Another one of his ways that he supports his argument using rhetorical devices is by sarcasm, and a lot of it. It is undeniably frightening what Swift introduces about how children are in higher demand when the meat is better. He explains that I believe no gentleman would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child, which, I have said will make four dishes of excellent nutritive meat (92-94). He includes humor saying that mothers will only make a little bit of profit enough to keep them stable until the mother can have another child. Swift proposes that if children will not be able to be food, this will create good revenue to the whole country of Ireland. Swift also includes irony talking about how people do not want to be affiliated with animals but then he calls the women breeders. Swift shows I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple whose wives are breeders (36). This shows that the poor are treated like livestock and the irony helps reverse the psychology that Swift is trying to do on purpose to inform the readers of the major problem. Overall, Swift changes from sympathetic to sarcastic to humorous to being so horrifying that the reader might want to stop reading. The main reason he wrote this was to inform readers of the poverty in Ireland and the suffering many were put through. The purpose was that he used reverse psychology to make the audience understand the pain and difficulties of living in Ireland in the 1700s.

Climate Change And Its Effects On Society - 1840 Words

Climate change is a very real, and very present threat to countless of lives all around the globe. Temperatures are soaring in some areas, while they plummet in others. This drastic change in weather patterns can not only destroy the ecosystems of our planet, it also has the potential to wreak havoc on society with the smallest of changes. For example, it’s well known that the polar ice caps are melting at an alarming rate due to rising temperatures. This causes ocean levels to rise, which will eventually engulf many shore side cities, leaving millions homeless. This will lead to mass migrations of refugees that will hurt the economies and social structures of multiple countries, due to the influx of people that the countries may not be fully equipped to handle. These situations may be hypothetical for now, but they are extremely close to becoming a reality. So, then it is completely understandable why so many countries are now implementing policies to help manage climate chan ge. However, are these policies enough? Many experts argue that not enough countries are committed to battling climate change. One could also argue that one lone country cannot possibly combat the effects of climate change, no matter how many policies they implement. Should there be a single committee, a single organization funded by any willing countries that will actively and more effectively combat climate change? Or should the individual countries try and solve this global issue on theirShow MoreRelatedClimate Change And Its Effects On Society Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Change:  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬A Threat to Nature and to Civilization Climate change is a threat to nature and to civilization. The rise of greenhouse gases are anthropogenic because they are derived from human actions. The combustion of fossil fuels, along with deforestation are causing an increase in carbon dioxide. These carbon dioxide emissions are being trapped in our atmosphere and are warming the surface of the planet. Climate change is occurring right now, and if no actions are taken, then thereRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Society1475 Words   |  6 PagesClimate Change â€Å"We are living on this planet as if we have another one to go to.† (Unknown) This quote by an unknown source depicts the common mindset of the modern human. At the start of the 20th century America had had numerous major advancements in technology and business. These advancements helped to put America ahead, but at a cost. 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The Science and causes There is 1,260,000,000,000,000,000,000 liters of water on earth and about 98% of that is situated in our oceans I’m telling you this because one of theRead MoreClimate Change And Ocean Level Rise And Its Effects On Coastal Societies1490 Words   |  6 Pages Climate Change and Ocean Level Rise and their effects Michael Estrada Florida Atlantic University July 19, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Climate Change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Melting of Greenland and the Arctic and its effects on the Ecosystem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Ocean level rise and its effects on Coastal Societies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....5 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreClimate Change : A Global Threat That Goes Beyond National Boundaries Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Mann argued that globalization didn’t alter the nature of societies, as other hyper globalizers asserted, he, however, did say that globalization created two main threats that could alter societies in ways that were not known before. 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